What Triggered The Witch Craze - 1564 Words

Joseph Bohannon Dr. Wirts History 4342 January 28 2017 What triggered the witch craze? Most historians agree that the witch craze began in the 15th century, during the early modern period. However, many factors that contributed to the witch craze had been brewing for several centuries prior, in as early as the 12th century we see the persecution of heresy by the Medieval Inquisition, which is basically a large-scale model of religious groups suppressing and killing anyone who does not agree with them, or speaks out against them. This similar type of rational is seen happening in Colonial America: men, women, and children who were educated, and spoke out against the social norms were labeled as witches and targets of hate crimes. The†¦show more content†¦Word of mouth was their most effective way of sharing information until the printing press was created, this invention revolutionized how information could be shared throughout the world, books were able to be mass reproduced and able to reach places that word of mouth may not have able to, but as is the case with most good things, evil people can use good things for bad. Large amounts of books were published that outlined the existence of witchcraft, stating that they were demonic influences involved, and offering ways for people to deal with it, as well as many embellishments. Some such publications were the Fomicarius (NIDER), Flagellum Haereticorum Fascinariorum (JACQUIER), De Lamiss (MOLITORS), and The Hammer of the Witches (MALIFICARUM). Publications like these perpetuated the hysteria into what we know refer to the witch craze/ which trials. The witch craze in Europe was at its height during 1560-1630, some of the most notorious trails that were held were: the Trier, Fulda, Basque, Wuzburg (mostly children were accused), and the Bamberg witch trials. In 1590 King James VI of Scotland got involved with the witch craze, he had developed such a fear that he would have nightmares of witches killing him. The King ordered that anyone suspected of witchcraft would be brought before the royal court. One such person that was suspected of being a witch was a nobleman named Francis Stewart who was the 5th Earl of Bothwell, who later fled the country fearing for hisShow MoreRelatedWitch Hunts of the Early Modern Period as the Result of Religious and Social Upheaval1075 Words   |  5 PagesWitch Hunts of the Early Modern Period as the Result of Religious and Social Upheaval The Early Modern Period was a time of great change in and around Europe. The people of the age were faced with upheaval of all forms; religious, social, political and even economical. Religious upheaval stemmed from changes in religious views and practises. The Reformation was a hugely significant event that took place in the years spanning 1520-1650. It was a religious, and politicalRead MoreThe Art Of Art730 Words   |  3 Pagesfurther apart as it reached the bait. It was all very well mixing with the mainstream to get one foot in the door, but our purity was soon overlooked. The feeling that I was the very carbon-copy of the last sunk in and was a sudden taste of reality. From what began as a solemn pledge of our ideas suddenly left me hiding behind my talents. I made a lot of decisions that altered my success, art stopped paying my rent unlike shoplifting and clerking. Once a style is crafted it is thought of as a simple thingRead MoreThe Art Of Art767 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing farther apart as it reached the bait.  It was all  well  and good mixing with the mainstream to get one foot in the door, but our purity was overlooked.  The feeling that I was the very carbon-copy of the last was a sudden taste of reality.  From what began as a solemn pledge of our ideas suddenly left me hiding behind  my  talents.  I made many decisions that altered my success, art stopped paying my rent unlike shoplifting and clerking. Once a style is crafted it is thought of as a simple thingRead MoreThe Is The Scientific Study Of Demons2584 Words   |  11 Pagespredecessors. In order to change the world in the Christian religions the Pagan gods were mocked and converted in demons as justice for their one god AO who was originally a god of the sun and resurrection. Many religions and cultures now believe that what was once known as soothsaying was, or is a form of physical contact with demons. Demonology and demonologists often misuse the terms of demons. In modern day pseudoscience they are often applied to interpretations of exorcisms and archaic superstitionsRead MoreWitches of the 16th Century Essay examples2266 Words   |  10 Pages Source B claims to be a confession, but the way it reads from the start indicates that the victim had suffered torture and so was forced to write this confession. The process is described as an interrogation, and begins â€Å"I am a witch† and describes how the Devil approached the lady in the middle of the woods, and offered her great wealth, it goes on to tell how she could do nothing to resist and was soon under the Devil’s power. This source relates to Source A because Read MoreSelf and Consciousness Essay examples4457 Words   |  18 Pagesbrain Upright stance shortened distance so that consciousness made possible How defined? Walking state See continuum of consciousness Behavioral state? Of wakefulness Responsiveness: some automatic and some chosen Experience - consciousness of what? Content of experience from one moment to the next Smell, sight, brightness, temperature, etc. More subjective? Qualia ïÆ'   look up Possession of any mental state (mind) Is to have mind enough to be conscious (any mental state, ïÆ'   mostly emotionalRead MoreCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 Pagesget rid of the spirits. If that person was still alive, the procedure was successful Witchcraft Correlated with ‘The Crucible’ where Tituba, Sarah Good Sarah Osborne are accused of witchcraft in Salem, 1692 What to do with the witches?! Exodus 22:18- Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live Leviticus   20:27- A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a wizard, shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their blood shall be upon them. Assumptions of Demonology

Analysis Of Poetry By Marianne Moore Poetry - 721 Words

Poetry has been an form of lyrical expression for centuries. Poems have a way of invoking a multitude of emotions in readers. Generally, if a poem is well received by the reader/readers, it can give them a sense of intense importance or emotional attachment to the poem. However, bad poetry can have the opposite effect on a reader, and completely turn them away from poetry all together. Twenty century poet, Marianne Moore, challenges this response to poetry in her poem â€Å"Poetry†. Moore discusses the ideas of bad poetry and its conciscuses with distinctive word choice, and a descending stepped like structure to create a excellent poem herself. To understand Moores interpretation of what bad poetry is one needs to look at how she presents†¦show more content†¦The narrator then goes on to comparing the attempt to understanding these imitative poetry to animals and how its just like trying to understand some of the nonsensical nature of animals. It dumbs one down to t he level of idiocy like a â€Å"a wild horse taking a roll, a tireless/ wolf under/ a tree, the immovable critic twinkling his skin like a horse/ that feels a flea,† it’s funny. Next, at the end of the third stanza and beginning of the fourth, the narrator quotes a russian write, Leo Tolstoy, whom states that poetry must have verses and that free verse is not poetry. Therefore, the narrator claims â€Å"nor is it valid/ to discriminate against â€Å"business documents and/ school-books†; all these phenomena are important. One must/ make a distinction/ however: when dragged into prominence by half poets,/the result is not poetry,† essentially contradicting Leo Tolstoy’s view on what poetry, and that just because one is famous does not make them a poet. The narrator then goes on to reinforce this idea more. Then, in the finally stanza the narrator claims that to write good poetry that isnt mindless interpretations or claims to be poetry just because of the author by saying it must have imagination and realness, â€Å"imaginary gardens with real toads in them,/shall we have/it.† The narrator states that if the poem is presented in all of its rawness then the reader will genuinely be interested in the poem. In conclusion, Moore states that as long as a poem is imaginative, and rawShow MoreRelatedImagism in Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams and Marianne Moore1601 Words   |  7 PagesEzra Pound, William Carlos Williams and Marianne Moore share? A) Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams and Marianne Moore were all modernist poets. Modernist poetry deals with experiment and innovation. All three were imagists, though at a later stage, William Carlos Williams started disagreeing with Ezra Pound. Ezra Pound Ezra Pound was the most aggressive of the modernist poets, who made â€Å"Make it new!† his battle cry. He turned to classical Chinese poetry as his source for inspiration. He wasRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Fish 1047 Words   |  5 PagesDevica Davis-Kilpatrick Modernist Poetry Analysis February 25, 2015 â€Å"The Fish† Imagism is a style of poetry that employs free verse and the patterns and rhythms of common speech. The poet is free to write about whatever they want. The goal is to unify voice and image into a talking picture. Poets then have the power to make words into things. This then creates a picture for the reader. Marianne Moore is able to perfectly get her point across without directly stating it but making it clear enoughRead MoreElizabeth Bishop s One Art Style Analysis1275 Words   |  6 PagesElizabeth Bishop’s â€Å"One Art† Style Analysis In the villanelle â€Å"One Art† Elizabeth Bishop seems to take a very relaxed tone over a subject that many writers would deem a more emotional topic. Slowly her true frustrations are brought to light as the inanimate objects she lists switch from everyday things to examples that have more severity. Bishop’s style of using her works to subtly expose her own personal feeling is very present through the poem. Bishop’s poem â€Å"One Art,† although not one of herRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Dickinson s A Narrow Fellow 1488 Words   |  6 PagesWith these study it shows that even as a child the fear of snakes is a human react to this creature that nature have create to be in our environment. After reading the poem by Dickinson I understand how Richards J. Heuer, Jr. talk about when using analysis in any form we should â€Å"intelligence analysts should be self-conscious about their reasoning while processes. They should think about how they make judgments and reach conclusions, not just about the judgements and the conclusions themselves† (HeuerRead MoreTed Hughes: The Shadow of Sylvia Plath Essay example2299 Words   |  10 Pages As England’s Poet Laureate, and recipient of both the Queen’s Gold Medal for Poetry and T.S. Eliot’s prize for poetry, Ted Hughes was an acclaimed poet. The shadow of Hughes late wife, Sylvia Plath, kept Hughes stagnant in his career, in which he was known as â€Å"Her Husband† (Middlebrook). Hughes most recent collection of poems, Birthday Letters, took him over twenty-five years to write, and contains poems which recount the marriage of the couple. Hughes wrote the poems as a loving gesture towardsRead M orePuritanism And Its Negative Portrayal Of The Body1641 Words   |  7 PagesBradstreet she writes: â€Å"Bradstreet lived at a time that precluded any sort of literary ‘career’, yet she used her pen as an instrument of surprisingly durable power.† (1). Also, Bradstreet has been identified as a precursor of Emily Dickinson, Marianne Moore, and Adrienne Rich (Eberwein 1). Already, we can note that Anne Bradstreet has been a strong influence on American Literature. However, we must interpret how she has been a strong representation and influence for Puritanism. Bradstreet serves

Readers Response Blue Collar Brilliance free essay sample

In â€Å"Blue-Collar Brilliance,† Mike Rose observes his mother, Rosie and his mother’s brother, Joe, in their occupations(96). Rose explains how his mother uses complex learning strategies and adaptation to fully excel in her blue-collar occupation. Rose explains how Rosie devised elaborate memory strategies while grouping and sequencing tasks in her head to become more efficient to â€Å"make every move count (97). Rosie used critical thinking skills to solve problems that arose, at an instant while taking into account the emotional state of her co-workers. Rose explains how Rosie became fluent at reading social cues and managing feelings of the costumer’s and her own to increase her chances of getting a bigger tip. Rosie expresses, â€Å"There isnt a day that goes by in the restaurant that you don’t learn something†(97). Rosie used complex psychology as well as major critical thinking skills, without formal teaching, to exceed at her profession. We will write a custom essay sample on Readers Response : Blue Collar Brilliance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rose then goes on to explain how Joe lacked formal knowledge but made up for with with hands on experience. As Joe worked on the assembly line and General Motors, he learned to be more efficient with his body by acquiring a set of routines that were quick but preserved his energy. Joe became a consummate multi-tasker while keeping a cool head under excruciating production schedules. Joe was able to study, up close, technological and social dynamics, machinery and production processes as well as paint chemistry. Because of this, Joe â€Å"not only Shimizu ! 2 solved problems but found problems to solve†(99). Joe states that the shop floor provided what school did not. â€Å"It was like Schooling. You’re constantly learning†(99). Rose contends certification of diverse intelligence does not result in a tender mind. To recognize and accept a wide range of intellectual capacity is to effectively apply cognitive thinking. A person must appreciate the work of the mind that strives for accomplishment thus shaping that person’s personality. Rose concludes that a mind capable of applying its entire self, even without formal education, to seek out and solve problems while constantly learning something new, is a mind worthy of a democratic society. I, personally, agree with Rose’s argument. I believe that hands on experience, depending on the ability of one’s mind to adapt, may be more effective than learning through a book first. I believe one learns by doing. As I grew up, I was always taught, â€Å"you’ll never know until you try. † This, I never fully understood until I had come across problems of my own. I was able to read, and study things pertaining to my problem but never really solved the problem until I â€Å"tried†. Taking the problem and putting my handwork and knowledge to use created better results than reading and studying the problem alone. I’ve discovered over the years that one can never fully understand how any object or idea works until it has been physically applied or broken down. I believe that one can only learn through experience and experience can only be gained through trial and error. In accordance to Rose’s assumptions, I believe that even without formal teaching, the human brain always has the ability to absorb and process thing. One would only have to allow their brain to do so. Humans grow through hands-on experience. Without this experience, our generation would not be as evolved as it is. Shimizu ! 3 Rose explains that a mind willing to experience and attempt enhancement shapes the mind bearer’s personality. Character is built through experience. Taking the idea, â€Å"you’ll never know until you try†, and applying it to every day life shapes how a person thinks and views the world. Rosie observed her fellow employees and costumers but never learned how to cope with them until she â€Å"tried†. She experience what worked or did not work with the problems she faced, as for Joe too. They took the knowledge obtained through hands-on observation, devised a possible solution, applied it, and experienced first hand the results. In a way, they completed the perfect scientific method without even knowing it. Mike Rose observed his family and realized that â€Å"brilliance† does not necessarily come from a book, but from hands-on experience. This hands-on experience is what allows society to evolve. If knowledge is never applied, the society is stuck. The drive to solve problems, become more efficient, and make things easier should be instilled in every mind, thus allowing every mind to observe, hypothesize, and apply even without formal knowledge.

Tweeter Case Essay Example

Tweeter Case Essay Should Tweeter continue with its Automatic Price Protection (APP) policy along with Every-day Fair Pricing (EDFP)? Tweeter should continue with its current Marketing strategy based on APP policy and Every-day Fair pricing. Their target customer is the Quality/Service oriented and they should focus on retaining their loyalty. The shift from having continuous Sales Events to fair pricing and price protection has been proven successful as same store sales have increased, new stores have delivered consistent sales and total marketing expense has not increased as a % of Sales. Also profitability of the company has gone back to positive numbers as a result of the new pricing strategy. By not entering the Sale events, Tweeter will be able to maintain its reputation of high-end quality service retailer and keep its current market segment very well satisfied with its price protection program. 1. Customer Analysis: (a) What are the challenges that Tweeter faces in the market environment that they have to compete in? Use the data in Exhibit 13 to assess whether Tweeter is price competitive with its competitors when comparing objective prices? What factors impact the price image of retail store and how does Tweeter compare with its competitors? As a retailer of consumer electronics Tweeter faces several challenges in order to keep growing its sales and capture new consumers into their stores. As a boutique or specialty retailer of electronics Tweeter faces direct competition from other distribution channels in which the same products are sold. These are Electronic/Appliance Superstores, Department stores and in less weight Mass merchants and Warehouse clubs. We will write a custom essay sample on Tweeter Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tweeter Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tweeter Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These bigger retailers characterize by giving consumers an image of everyday low prices which drive them into their stores, generally offering attractive Sales Event every week. Another challenge Tweeter faces is the entrance of new stores to the market with the chain Wiz planning to open 8 more stores in the New England Market, so this means Tweeter will need to work a strategy to keep its core customer loyal and not switching to these new stores. Bigger retailers carry more products so portfolio offering to consumers is greater than Tweeter creating a one stop shop for electronics consumers, which could drive away customers from Tweeter. Comparing price competitiveness of Tweeter against other retailers; 32 audio and video products sold across multiple retailers were analyzed. Of those 32 products 18 products sold on Tweeter were sold at the same price or below compared to Lechmere, Circuit City or Wiz. Only 9 products were priced higher by Tweeter in % ranging from 4% to 17% higher and most of the prices were on sale or advertised. See Exhibit 1 for calculations. Based on information in exhibit 1, Tweeter has a competitive position in similar products against the other retailers, the key is how they could advertise this position so that consumers think they have competitive prices even though they are a high-end, high quality retailer. (b) How do consumers make purchasing decisions in the electronics market? What are the challenges faced by Tweeter due to this? Will APP help in overcoming some of these challenges and how? By conducting Focus Groups Tweeter identified how consumers made their decisions in the New England Market. They identified consumers thought about their purchase decision two months in advance on average and visited two to three retailers prior to making the purchase. Most of visits were driven by newspaper ads and most of them waited for the product to be advertised in order to purchase the desired product. Tweeter also found out that most of the customers who shopped on Tweeter stores also visited Lechmere, Fretter and Sears because they believed Tweeter was more expensive than other retailers. Finally focus group interviews showed that if price would not be an issue, most of the customers would prefer to shop on Tweeter. Another key information they got from the study was customer type: Entry level customers, The price biter, the convenience customer and Quality/Service Customer. 70% of Tweeter customers are in the Quality/Service Type but only represented 10% of total market in New England. By having most of customer base in smallest market segment Tweeter needs to create a marketing strategy to satisfy its current customer base in order to become 100% loyal. Value proposition and differentiation will be key drivers in order to keep current customers satisfied. 20% of tweeter customers are price-biters, so these customers could be potentially lost to lower-cost perceived retailers. With APP introduction Tweeter could overcome price competition by offering current customers the peace of mind that they will pay the lowest price without the need of lowering retail prices and continue to offer great customer service. This strategy works perfectly because customers will not see cheap retail prices which could trade down Tweeter’s image of being a high-end quality retailer to a low cost cheap retailer. (c) Which segments of the market is Tweeter currently targeting? Who is their primary target? Evaluate Tweeter’s performance with their target customers? How will APP impact Tweeter’s performance with their primary target market and other segments? Tweeter is currently targeting the Quality/Service oriented customer. Customers who want high-end products and are willing to have a better shopping experience with great customer service. They are outperforming competition in this segment with 70% market share with closest competitor being circuit city with 15% (out of the 10% quality/service customer segment). APP will consolidate loyalty and create a shield to defend its current customers from competition. Tweeter primary customer likes quality and service but could be driven away by a lower priced retailer, so by giving the price guarantee to their current customers Tweeter could retain them. Another segment that could be influenced by APP will be the price-biters. Currently Tweeter has 20% of its customer base in this segment and they could drive additional consumers who are searching for the lowest price with APP strategy. In the Pennsylvania market the new acquired Bryn Mawr stores have not been able to successfully increase sales with APP but Tweeter CEO should not worry about this strategy because market could be different. They should conduct same analysis done in New England for market segmentation to understand better their customer and come out with correct strategy. . Company Analysis: (a) Enumerate the key objectives that a retailer might have? In your assessment, which objectives are challenging for Tweeter to achieve given the competitive market and customer environment that they face? Specialty retailers have key objectives that have to be met in order to be successful. They need to have good location, credibility, great customer service, good product offer, competitive prices, financially feasible margins and they need to bring people to their stores and make final purchase decision at their stores. Tweeter faces the challenge of capturing consumers from other retailers and be the best option for final purchase decision. Price competition is a major challenge to Tweeter because it could lose sales, or it could drop down its current margin by trying to offer lower cost products trying to compete against bigger retail chains. (b) How does APP help Tweeter in overcoming these challenges and achieving the objectives? Tweeter target customer is very special. They like to receive good service and like to purchase good quality products. The threat Tweeter faces by new market entrants is by price reductions to current products. Those customers who are a little price sensitive could switch from Tweeter to other retailers. APP is a great tool that Tweeter management designed in which they will automatically match a lower advertised priced after the purchase and send a check for the difference to its customer. This will help Tweeter keep its current customer base and don’t lower retail prices keeping image of high-end quality service retail store. (c) Use the data in the case to evaluate whether APP has been effective? List the metrics that you are using and present your analysis using data in the case. Since the change of marketing strategy in 1993 sales have grown almost two times by 1996 from $43M to $82M (estimated). The new strategy had three components: APP, Everyday-fair pricing (no more Sales events) and change in advertising mix from newspaper to Television and Radio. Same-store sales grew by 50% with new strategy and the other incremental revenue came from the seven new stores they opened over the three year period. With the information given in the case APP is not the only component of the new marketing strategy, but a part of a new shift in the marketing strategy. As a part of the new strategy APP has been effective as it only represents around 0. 5% of the total revenues. See Exhibit 2 for Calculations. Sales per store have increased since the switch to the new strategy, not all of them could be addressed to APP but as a part of the new strategy and representing a small expense as a % of revenues, strategy has proven to be effective. See Exhibit 3 for same store sales. On the financial performance Tweeter has been able to improve margins, not affected by new fair-pricing strategy and reduce expenses boosting net income from negative numbers to 4% over sales. See Exhibit 4 for Margin Analysis. 3. Company Analysis: (a) What are the necessary factors for APP to be sustainable? In order for the APP program to be sustainable it will have to create additional sales growth and I will target maximum budget for APP under 1% of sales, not exceeding the other components of the marketing plan as Radio and Television advertisement and total marketing expense. The policy should also consider check shipping costs, so that minimum amount check could be modified in case shipping costs increases. The total amount per check should also be limited, calculating an average rebate that will not go below marginal cost of advertised products. They should maintain the 30 day policy for rebate granting. Last but not least, overhead costs from people operating the program should be consistent with revenue growth as a % of sales and don’t create any additional overhead costs for Tweeter. (b) Is APP sustainable for Tweeter? Currently APP represents only 0. 5-0. % of revenues in first years of operation (Exhibit 2). APP is sustainable as total sales have increased by 100%, new stores have good sales and same-stores have experienced a 50% growth increase since the program was launched. As part of the new marketing strategy, advertising has gone down from 8. 9% to 8. 0% as a percentage of sales so Tweeter has not incurred in additional marketing expen se just a different mix. So APP has been sustainable for Tweeter in this 3 years of operation and has been effective to maintain its target customer: Quality/Service oriented electronic goods shopper.